DOE Part III-LED产品测试流程标准翻译：Page-02
I. 权力和背景 Authority and Background================================================
1975年《能源政策和保护法》（42 U.S.C. 6291, et seq.; ''EPCA'' ）第三章规定了各种旨在提高能源效率的条款。(所有提到的EPCA指的是通过《2015年能源效率改进法案》（EEIA 2015），公法114-11（2015年4月30日）修订的法规。标题III的B部分，由于编辑上的原因，在纳入美国法典时被重新指定为A部分（42 U.S.C. 6291-6309，已编入法典），建立了 "汽车以外的消费品的节能计划"。
Title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (42 U.S.C. 6291, et seq.; ‘‘EPCA’’) sets forth a variety of provisions designed to improve energy efficiency. (All references to EPCA refer to the statute as amended through the Energy Efficiency Improvement Act of 2015 (EEIA 2015), Public Law 114–11 (April 30, 2015). Part B of title III, which for editorial reasons was redesignated as Part A upon incorporation into the U.S.
Code (42 U.S.C. 6291–6309, as codified), establishes the ‘‘Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products Other Than Automobiles.’’
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根据EPCA，该计划包括四个部分：（1）测试，（2）标签，（3）联邦节能标准，以及（4）认证和执行程序。本规则制定了集成LED灯（以下简称 "LED灯"）制造商必须使用的测试程序，以满足两个要求，即 (1)满足任何未来的一般服务LED灯的节能标准，和(2)满足联邦贸易委员会(FTC)颁布的LED灯的标签要求的义务。
Under EPCA, this program consists of four parts: (1) Testing, (2) labeling, (3) Federal energy conservation standards, and (4) certification and enforcement procedures. This rulemaking establishes test procedures that manufacturers of integrated LED lamps (hereafter referred to as ‘‘LED lamps’’) must use to meet two requirements, namely, to: (1) Satisfy any future energy conservation standards for general service LED lamps, and (2) meet obligations under labeling requirements for LED lamps promulgated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
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首先，本规则制定中的测试程序将用于评估LED灯相对于任何潜在的节能标准的性能，在未来的规则制定中包括一般服务LED灯。能源部正在制定一般服务灯（GSLs）的节能标准，这一类灯包括一般服务的LED灯。79 FR 73503（2014年12月11日）。
First, test procedures in this rulemaking would be used to assess the performance of LED lamps relative to any potential energy conservation standards in a future rulemaking that includes general service LED lamps. DOE is developing energy conservation standards for general service lamps (GSLs), a category of lamps that includes general service LED lamps. 79 FR 73503 (Dec. 11, 2014).
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第二，本规则制定支持FTC根据EPCA（42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(6)）第324(a)(6)条颁布的标签要求的义务。2007年能源独立和安全法案（EISA 2007）第321(b)条修订了EPCA（42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(2)(D)），指示FTC考虑灯泡标签对功率水平或瓦特、光输出或流明和灯泡寿命的有效性。该规则的制定支持FTC的决定，即根据EISA第321(b)条和42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(6)，以前没有标签的LED灯需要标签，以帮助消费者做出购买决定。75 FR 41696, 41698（2010年7月19日）。
Second, this rulemaking supports obligations under labeling requirements promulgated by FTC under section 324(a)(6) of EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(6)). The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) section 321(b) amended EPCA (42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(2)(D)) to direct FTC to consider the effectiveness of lamp labeling for power levels or watts, light output or lumens, and lamp lifetime. This rulemaking supports FTC’s determination that LED lamps, which had previously not been labeled, require labels under EISA section 321(b) and 42 U.S.C. 6294(a)(6) in order to assist consumers in making purchasing decisions. 75 FR 41696, 41698 (July 19, 2010).
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能源部此前发布了四份与LED灯测试程序有关的联邦公报文件。在2012年4月9日，DOE发布了测试程序NOPR（以下简称2012年4月NOPR）。2012年4月9日，DOE发布了测试程序NOPR（以下简称2012年4月的NOPR）。77 FR 21038。在公布NOPR之后，DOE于2012年5月3日举行了一次公开会议，以接受有关各方的反馈。2014年6月3日，DOE公布了测试程序SNOPR（以下简称2014年6月SNOPR），主要是修订了其关于寿命测量的建议。79 FR 32020。然后，在2014年6月26日，DOE发布了第二个SNOPR（以下简称寿命SNOPR），修订了LED灯的寿命定义。79 FR 36242。最后，在2015年7月9日，能源部发布了第三个SNOPR（以下简称7月 解释说："这是我的工作，也是我的工作。"我的工作是："我的工作是我的工作。"我的工作是："我的工作是我的工作"。集成的LED灯。80 FR 39644（2015年7月9日）。
DOE previously published four Federal Register documents pertaining to the test procedure for LED lamps. On April 9, 2012, DOE published a test
procedure NOPR (hereafter the April 2012 NOPR). 77 FR 21038. Following the publication of the NOPR, DOE held a public meeting on May 3, 2012, to receive feedback from interested parties. On June 3, 2014, DOE published a test procedure SNOPR (hereafter the June 2014 SNOPR) primarily revising its proposal for lifetime measurements. 79 FR 32020. Then, on June 26, 2014, DOE published a second SNOPR (hereafter the lifetime SNOPR) revising the definition of lifetime for LED lamps. 79 FR 36242. Finally, on July 9, 2015, DOE published a third SNOPR (hereafter July
2015 SNOPR) adding a method for determining power factor and revising the proposed method of measuring and projecting the time to failure of
integrated LED lamps. 80 FR 39644 (July 9, 2015).
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II. 最终规则的概要 Synopsis of the Final Rule
该最终规则采用了确定流明输出、输入功率、灯效、相关色温（CCT）、显色指数（CRI）、功率因数、寿命和待机功率的方法，以及测量和预测集成LED灯的失效时间。
This final rule adopts methods for determining lumen output, input power, lamp efficacy, correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), power factor, lifetime, and standby power and for measuring and projecting the time to failure of integrated LED lamps.
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能源效率的表述必须在最终规则公布后的180天内根据本规则的规定进行测试。
Representations of energy efficiency must be based on testing in accordance with this rulemaking within 180 days after the publication of the final rule.
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III. 讨论 Discussion
A. 适用范围 Scope of Applicability
EPCA将LED定义为一个p-n结4固态装置，其辐射输出，无论是在红外区域、可见区域，还是在紫外区域，都是该装置的物理结构、所用材料和激励电流5的函数。(42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(CC)) 在2014年6月的SNOPR中，DOE表示，本规则制定适用于符合DOE提出的集成LED灯的定义的LED灯，该定义基于ANSI/IES RP-16-2010所定义的术语。该标准将集成LED灯定义为一个集成组件，包括LED封装（组件）或LED阵列（模块）（统称为LED源）、LED驱动器、ANSI标准底座，以及其他光学、热学、机械和电气组件（如荧光粉层、绝缘材料、将灯内组件固定在一起的紧固件和电线）。该LED灯旨在通过相应的ANSI标准插座直接连接到分支电路。79 FR 32020, 32021（2014年6月3日）。
EPCA defines an LED as a p-n junction 4 solid-state device, the radiated output of which, either in the infrared region, visible region, or ultraviolet region, is a function of the physical construction, material used, and exciting current 5 of the device. (42 U.S.C. 6291(30)(CC)) In the June 2014 SNOPR, DOE stated that this rulemaking applies to LED lamps that meet DOE’s proposed definition of an integrated LED lamp, which is based on the term as defined by ANSI/IES RP–16–2010. This standard defines an integrated LED lamp as an integrated assembly that comprises LED packages (components) or LED arrays (modules) (collectively referred to as an LED source), an LED driver, an ANSI standard base, and other optical, thermal, mechanical and electrical components (such as phosphor layers, insulating materials, fasteners to hold components within the lamp together, and electrical wiring). The LED lamp is intended to connect directly to a branch circuit through a corresponding ANSI standard socket. 79 FR 32020, 32021 (June 3, 2014).
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能源部收到了支持LED灯测试程序的意见。在此，我想说的是，LED灯的测试程序是非常重要的，因为它可以帮助人们更好地使用LED灯。(CA IOUs, No. 44 pp. 1, 7) 6 DOE感谢CA IOUs的支持意见。一个全面的测试程序的意图是产生一致和可重复的测试结果。
DOE received comments supporting the LED lamps test procedure. The California Investor Owned Utilities (hereafter referred to as CA IOUs) expressed approval for the LED lamps test procedure rulemaking and noted the importance of establishing a test procedure to support the adoption of high quality LED lamps. (CA IOUs, No. 44 pp. 1, 7) 6 DOE appreciates the supporting comments from CA IOUs. The intent of a comprehensive test procedure is to produce consistent and repeatable test results.
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B. 参考的行业标准Industry Standards Incorporated by Reference
在2015年7月的SNOPR中，DOE建议通过参考纳入四个行业标准来支持拟议的定义和测试方法 LED灯的定义和测试方法。80 FR 39644（2015年7月9日）。国家电气制造商协会（以下简称NEMA）和飞利浦照明（以下简称飞利浦）评论说，他们不同意从受版权保护的行业标准中复制部分文本 (例如，IES LM-80或IES LM-84）的部分文本直接复制到《联邦法规》中。NEMA和Philips指出，DOE应该不加修改地采用行业标准的全部内容，而不是纳入个别章节，并指出这将减少在测试过程中省略相互关联的章节而产生误解和混乱的风险。NEMA的结论是，通过参考纳入完整的标准更为合适，因为这些标准是合理的，是行业共识的结果，并为读者提供了完整的背景。(NEMA, No. 42 at pp. 2-3; Philips, No. 41 at p. 3)
In the July 2015 SNOPR, DOE proposed incorporating by reference four industry standards to support the proposed definitions and test methods
for LED lamps. 80 FR 39644 (July 9, 2015). The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (hereafter referred to as NEMA) and Philips Lighting (hereafter referred to as Philips) commented that they disagreed with copying portions of text from industry standards protected under copyright
(e.g., IES LM–80 or IES LM–84) directly into the Code of Federal Regulations. NEMA and Philips stated that DOE should adopt industry standards in their entirety without modification instead of incorporating individual sections, noting that this would reduce the risk of misinterpretation and confusion during testing when interrelated sections are omitted. NEMA concluded that incorporating the full standards by reference is more appropriate because the standards are reasonably available, are the result of industry consensus, and provide full context for the reader. (NEMA, No. 42 at pp. 2–3; Philips, No. 41 at p. 3)
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虽然 DOE 在第 430 部分 B 子部分的附录 BB 中提出的语言参考了行业标准的部分内容，但它并未复制这些标准中的文本。相反，DOE 为多个测试指标提供全面的测试程序，并且在这样做时，DOE 通常必须澄清、限制或添加进一步的规范到引用的行业标准，以确保一致、可重复的结果。因此，DOE 没有纳入整个行业标准，而是引用了行业标准的相关部分，并明确说明了与行业标准不同的任何方向。例如，DOE 参考 IES LM-84-14 的第 5.2 和 5.4 节来指定寿命测量的电源要求。但是，DOE 在测试过程中没有参考行业标准的第 5.3 节，因为它被 IES 列为可选，并且缺乏关于电源阻抗的具体限制。以这种方式选择性地引用行业标准的相关部分可确保一致、可重复的测试程序。因此，DOE 在最终规则中采用了这种方法。
While DOE’s proposed language in Appendix BB to subpart B of part 430 references sections of industry standards, it does not copy text from
those standards. Rather, DOE provides comprehensive test procedures for multiple test metrics and, in doing so, DOE often has to clarify, limit, or add further specification to industry standards that are referenced to ensure a consistent, repeatable result. Therefore, instead of incorporating an
industry standard in its entirety, DOE references the relevant sections of the industry standard and clearly states any directions that differ from those in the industry standard. For example, DOE references sections 5.2 and 5.4 of IES LM–84–14 to specify power supply requirements for lifetime measurements. However, DOE does not reference section 5.3 of the industry standard in the test procedure because it is listed as optional by IES and lacks specific restrictions regarding power supply impedance. Selectively referencing relevant sections of industry standards in this way ensures a consistent, repeatable test procedure. Thus, DOE adopts this approach in the final rule.
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C. 确定流明输出、输入功率、灯效、相关色温、显色指数和功率因数的方法
Adopted Approach for Determining Lumen Output, Input Power, Lamp Efficacy, Correlated Color Temperature, Color Rendering Index, and Power Factor
IES LM–79–08 规定了测量 LED 灯的流明输出、输入功率、CCT 和 CRI 的方法。 IES LM–79–08 还规定了必须执行测量和计算的测试条件和设置。 2015 年 7 月的 SNOPR 建议参考 IES LM-79-08 来确定 LED 灯的流明输出、输入功率、CCT、CRI 和功率因数，并进行了一些修改。 80 FR at 39645。IES LM-79-08 中没有直接描述功率因数，但指定了计算功率因数所需的测量值。 第 III.C.1 至 III.C.3 节讨论收到的关于本提案的意见。
IES LM–79–08 specifies the methodology for measuring lumen output, input power, CCT, and CRI for LED lamps. IES LM–79–08 also specifies
the test conditions and setup at which the measurements and calculations must be performed. The July 2015 SNOPR proposed to reference IES LM– 79–08 for determining lumen output, input power, CCT, CRI, and power factor of LED lamps, with some modifications. 80 FR at 39645. Power
factor is not described directly in IES LM–79–08, but the measurement values necessary for calculating power factor are specified. Sections III.C.1 through III.C.3 discuss comments received on this proposal.
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